Navigation in WebView

I’m testing here on my Nexus 5 and it does work. I made some slight alterations to your code for comfort:

<App Theme="Basic" Background="#333333ff">
    <ClientPanel>
        <Button Text="Back" Dock="Top">
            <Clicked>
                <GoBack TargetNode="Videos"/>
            </Clicked>
        </Button>
        <NativeViewHost>
            <WebView ux:Name="Videos" Url="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfSmFFIZsuPSHoiEVhnSkJA/videos"&gt;
                <!-- No need for a linearnavigation here, the WebView is one -->
                <OnBackButton>
                    <!-- No need for TargetNode here, containing the GoBack in a navigation (webview in this case) is enough -->
                    <GoBack /> 
                </OnBackButton>
            </WebView>
        </NativeViewHost>
    </ClientPanel>
</App>

I think your problem might be that youtube doesnt actually change its URL that often when you click on tabs and stuff, only when you actually go to a new page such as when you look at a video. Tapping a video and opening it and then hitting back works for me, for both UI button and device button.